Code of Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Code of Ethics Paper Essay The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a notable government based office that presents a site that keeps its client base very much educated on a wide assortment of subjects. Giving and assembling information to specialists and patients, this office and site fill in as an examiner. This extents from heath issues to the medication used to treat. The NIH has been a piece of history going from propels in penicillin to machines utilized, for example, the MRI. Likewise, NIH has financed and explored a large number of medications and doctors to discover fixes and treatment. As a group we accept that the NIH has social, moral issues, just as objectives that are met each day as a piece of their social obligation. â€Å"NIH’s mission is to look for central information about the nature and conduct of living frameworks and the utilization of that information to upgrade wellbeing, protract life, and decrease sickness and disability.† (USA.Gov, 2013) NIH’s objectives and their moral standards On the off chance that everybody were apprehensive about untrustworthy exploration, no one will take an interest or volunteer. Without the exploration subjects, growing new medication and medicines would be incomprehensible. Since a great many sacrificial and liberal examination chips in, the world has profited by a variety of clinical advances in utilized today. Besides, Effective chemotherapy and radiation medicines have restored a large number of individuals with malignancy, for example, bosom, thyroid, pancreatic, and cervical disease to give some examples. Furthermore, we have likewise profited by various antibodies that shield from lethal ailment, for example, polio, measles, chicken pox, and the occasional influenza. In addition, these clinical advances have made it conceivable to build mindfulness about nourishment and wellbeing ways of life (NIH, 2013). The National Health Institute’s objectives are to develop and advance â€Å"fundamental inventive revelations, crea tive exploration techniques and their application as a reason for eventually securing and improving health† (NIH, 2013, para. 1). Moreover, their objectives are likewise for helping support, and â€Å"renew logical human and physical assets that will shield the Nation competency to forestall disease† (NIH, 2013, para. 1) Furthermore, they work vigorously toâ â€Å"expand the information base in clinical and sciences to upgrade the Nation’s financial prosperity and assurance a proceeded with exceptional yield on the open interest in research† (NIH, 2013, para. 1). As indicated by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), before any exploration is begun there are seven moral standards the scientists must consent to. These standards help to explain carefully an intelligent structure for surveying the morals of any clinical examination contemplates: (1) social worth the exploration or study must characterize how are people groups wellbeing or pr osperity will improve; (2) logical legitimacy the exploration must have a speculation to be tried, and controlled; (3) reasonable subject choice an abroad gathering of individuals must be chosen , including age (more than 18), sex, and race, not defenseless or advantaged; (4)favorable hazard advantage proportion the examination shows that the less secure the investigation the more moral it is thought of; (5) autonomous audit an outer gathering must audit the examination and will support it or denied it. This training causes individuals to accept the examination is increasingly moral and unprejudiced. Likewise, this will limit expected irreconcilable situations; (6) educate assent the subject must be intellectually skilled to comprehend the total honesty of the examination, the choice must be intentional; (7) regard for the enlisted subject-the volunteers security must be ensured, withdrawal from the investigation can't be denied, and their wellbeing must consistently be observed. Th e analysts have the commitment to treat each and every individual who volunteers in a trial morally and consciously (Emanuel, Wendler, Grady, 2000; NIH Clinical Center Department of Bioethics, 2012). NIH’s culture and moral dynamic The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is probably the biggest association on the planet with respect to exploring progressions in medication and the improvement in conveyance of social insurance. Socially, the NIH is as various as the populace it offers types of assistance to. Accordingly, the NIH urges medicinal services suppliers to turn out to be all the more socially skilled so as to help them in improving the nature of administrations they give. As indicated by the NIH, (2013) â€Å"Cultural competency is basic to lessening wellbeing variations and improving access to top notch human services; social insurance that is conscious of and receptive to the requirements of various patients† (standard. 3). Having a superior information on the culturesâ a social insurance supplier conveys administrations to will permit that person the capacity to give a higher caliber of care and empower the person in question to stay moral when basic choices should be made. At present, the NI H is joint effort with different gatherings and associations to assist wellbeing with caring suppliers become increasingly mindful of the way of life they serve, which thus, will give better nature of care to all Americans (NIH, 2013). End of life is a territory of medicinal services the NIH recommends is particularly basic concerning society and settling on moral choices (NIH, 2013). There are a wide range of societies in the United States that don't have a similar perspective with regards to a family members’ last wishes. An article called â€Å"Diverse choices. How culture influences moral choice making†, composed by Wright, Cohen, and Caroselli clarifies the significance of social ability and moral dynamic at the purpose of a patients’ end of life. This essential part of medicinal services can be particularly testing to social insurance suppliers on the off chance that they are inexperienced with their patient’s social inclinations. If not rewarded wi th the affectability a family requires socially, the medicinal services supplier will probably experience issues in helping the family in showing up at a moral choice that best helps the patient. As expressed by Wright, Cohen, and Caroselli, (1997) â€Å"When these troubles are combined with incapable correspondence identified with social lack of care or ignorance, the impacts can be devastating† (standard. 1). Few seconds in life present the same number of difficulties as the finish of a family members’ life. Consequently, the NIH not just moves its association to turn out to be all the more socially capable, it additionally energizes and helps human services suppliers to do likewise, particularly while helping patients and their families in settling on the proper moral choice. NIH’s moral qualities supporting our moral qualities The NIH has plainly expressed that â€Å"turning disclosure into health† is a piece of their statement of purpose. Supporting this moral choice in the United States alone there are numerous people with interminable sicknesses or medical problems. In this way, it is protected to state that in light of the fact that the strategic the NIH is to discover fixes and medicines to better our country is in correspondence with most. As indicated by the NIH, (2013) â€Å"Nearly 50% of all Americans have a ceaseless ailment. NIH research makes critical steps towardâ treating and forestalling these long haul illnesses.† Along with advancing wellbeing, the NIH grows new mechanical instruments to treat any or most infirmities in the USA. They are continually searching for brilliant and positive newcomers to help explore and illuminate the NIH to give answers to a large number of people who have questions. The NIH has led exploration and discovered that malignant growth, diabetes, HIV /AIDS, and cardiovascular illness is on the decrease in light of the examination they have added to society. In light of their code of morals they are helping babies that are brought into the world today live to a typical age of 79, an immense improvement from the most recent 100 years. NIH trusts it â€Å"invests over $30.9* billion yearly in clinical examination for the American people.† (USA.Gov, 2013) and posted under NIH spending they compose â€Å"Research for the People†, an unmistakable message that this organization is high in moral qualities. They plan on broadening the examination limit of our nation and cultivate investigation. For any individual discovering treatment for friends and family or ones’ self goes connected at the hip with the moral convictions of the NIH. Social obligation regarding NIH in the network NIH has demonstrated itself to be socially answerable for the network as well as the whole populace. They have done research and contributed an immense measure of data that physician’s, staff, and patients the same use every day for individual or practice information. For instance, the NIH has given a huge number of occupations to investigate new innovation and to discover fixes ever the previous years. What's more, â€Å"to straightforwardly supporting examination, NIH subsidizing spikes a noteworthy measure of branch off monetary development in our networks, going from logical gear providers to biotech firms to organizations offering food and lodging.† (USA.Gov, 2013) So not just has it added to wellbeing of the populace, however is has demonstrated money related commitments to the populace. It has contributed more than $62 billion in income. In view of NIH’s research it will have momentary impacts as well as long haul ones too. Utilizing more than one million workers to do innovative work, the NIH has caused a tremendous commitment for employments to the individuals who to don't have one. Giving visits and different intends to comprehend what they do to the general population, they energize open mindfulness. Giving assets to more than 130 Nobel prize champs that have made such instruments like the MRI, NIH researchers have made ready for some and future researchers. The NIH expects â€Å"to grow the information base in clinical and related sciences so as to improve the Nations financial we

Nvq Unit 303 Supporting Children Through Transitions

Unit 303 Supporting youngsters through changes Transitions happen when a kid moves starting with one consideration circumstance then onto the next. Offspring of any age experience advances. 0-3 years Children go to a setting just because †a nursery, pre-school, creche, and childminder’s home. Move inside a setting †from the infant space to the little child room, or change childminders. To help and bolster the youngsters through the progress you could: †¢Ensure all enrollment data has been gotten before the kid joins in, with the goal that experts are set up to meet the child’s needs. Have a key laborer distributed to the kid †¢Combine visits with guardians, shorter remains before longer ones. †¢Tell kids and grown-ups that another youngster is coming and urges them to make the kid welcome. †¢Give the youngster a warm welcome. †¢Encourage kids and guardians to bid farewell to each other. †¢Show the kid around and clarify the daily practice, where to hang up coats and so on. †¢Remain strong. †¢Provide approaches to include families in the child’s experience, to help the change from the setting to home. 3-7 yearsTransitions are times of progress which by and large include lost natural individuals in a child’s life. Various kids react diversely to advances, kids going to pre-school or youngsters, a kid moving inside a setting. Kids have new living course of action or perhaps a stay in medical clinic. To help and plan for transform you could: †¢Communicate with the youngsters about the progress. Discussing what will occur just as tuning in to the child’s concerns. †¢Arrange a visit to another setting preceding the change with parental oversight. Guarantee all documentation about the youngster is sorted out ahead of time. †¢Communicate with the youngsters consistently to see and screen their improvement. 7-12 years Children and infants are normally persuaded to lean un til the age of seven or eight. At this age school work may get burdening and the enthusiasm to find may blur. To advance improvement of self-inspiration in kids you could: †¢Encourage youngsters to be idealistic †¢Encourage kids to esteem persevering exertion and to expect achievement when they attempt †¢Teach kids the benefit of conquering disappointment Encourage kids to celebrate and appreciate accomplishment †¢Give kids chances to ace their reality †¢Make learning applicable to the individual child’s premium †¢Teach kids in manners that intrigue to their styles and learning. 12-16 years Some kids experience various changes. This might be because of regular family breakdowns or maybe the idea of the guardians work. You ought to permit connections to shape step by step with companions and friends with such youngsters, taking consideration not to overpower them.Social administrations perceive the issues of various advances. As a youngster create s they despite everything need backing and support with change. Kids either changing school or class my still need direction. Here and there youngsters appreciate taking care of their own issues and ought to be permitted to do this. The transition to auxiliary school can be a very enormous change for youngsters. Kids regularly have basic nerves about changes, for example, will I make companions, will I like my educator, and will I get a lot of schoolwork, what occurs at noon. Guardians and carers ought to know about the child’s new environmental factors †¢Get associated with the move by talking and discussing both with the youngster and instructors. †¢Encourage time to talk with the youngster to keep a decent comprehension of what is happening and how the kid feels about the change. †¢Allow for passionate change as the kid creates. †¢Support the kid as they make physical and passionate changes. †¢Support and give great direction to the standards and c ontrols of both the home life and school.

Unit 12 Health and Social Care Essay Example

Unit 12 Health and Social Care Paper What is Public Health? Key Aspects of Public Health Practice Strategy How is this done? Models (at any rate 2) Monitoring the wellbeing status of the populace Following changes in the strength of the populace and telling individuals to potential issues. The rising degrees of corpulence inside the populace. Distinguishing the wellbeing needs of the populace Once patterns and examples are perceived, the probability of suggestions for administrations can be recognized. Comparable to weight, this can mean estimating the probability of higher requirements for diabetes bolster administrations. Creating projects to lessen hazard and screen for disease Trying to bring down the degrees of sick wellbeing by introducing new projects that perceive individuals as being ‘at risk’ of a condition and drawing in them in deterrent projects. For instance, a specialist perceiving that an individual is in danger of getting diabetes due to their heftiness and alluding them to weight the executives program for help in shedding pounds. Controlling Lowering the effect of irresistible While there are clear models, for example, transferable sickness infections through inoculation and other control measures. measles, mumps and rubella, this may likewise incorporate food cleanliness gauges in restaurantsâ and take-aways to control the spread of food contamination. Advancing the soundness of the populace Health-elevating exercises to bring down sick wellbeing in the populace. We will compose a custom article test on Unit 12 Health and Social Care explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Unit 12 Health and Social Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Unit 12 Health and Social Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer For stoutness, this may incorporate battles motivating individuals to be progressively dynamic or eat more products of the soil. Arranging and assessing the arrangement of wellbeing and social consideration Measuring the arrangement of significant wellbeing administrations and whether they are having adequate effect on the issue. On account of heftiness it might incorporate estimating whether: ?nearby administrations can meet the solicitation for weight the executives support ?there is adequate ‘capacity’ (for example administration arrangement) to fulfill the expansion need for stoutness related administrations? the current model of administrations in figuring out how to help individuals to bring down their weight and support that change. Target setting Important focuses for an area, district or nation that may to malady bring about decrease, improved inoculation rates, and so forth. A national government target is to end the increasing paces of corpulence in youngsters younger than 11 by 2010. An applicable nearby objective may be founded on weighting and evaluating gathering and Years 6 kids. This information could be utilized to follow progress against the national objective.

Why People Commit Crime Essays

Why People Commit Crime Essays Why People Commit Crime Paper Why People Commit Crime Paper Question 3: People perpetrated wrongdoing as a result of numerous reasons. From your own perspective, give three (3) reasons why individuals perpetrate wrongdoings? A wrongdoing is an illicit activity or action for which an individual can be rebuffed by law. A few people characterize wrongdoing as a demonstration of offense towards the profound quality of people. Others may see wrongdoing as a demonstration that hurts the all inclusive human rights. Thusly, for what reason do individuals despite everything carry out wrongdoings? There are numerous reasons why individuals carry out wrongdoings. A few wrongdoings were submitted as a result of appetite, need cash, contempt and outrage. In the mean time, the case of wrongdoing is looted, grab, theft, take and other. The most genuine wrongdoing is murdering someone else in spite of the fact that their darling one or their family. Wrongdoing isn't thought about the adoration and compassion towards the person in question. The principal reason is individuals carry out violations due to their craving. They take the food from slow down and furthermore from market to satisfy their stomach. This is on the grounds that they don’t have enough cash to get it. And furthermore the cost of food is costly. For instance, the cost for one bit of chicken is RM2. 50. The cost had trouble for specific individuals. Along these lines, they carry out to do wrongdoings as their stomach full and not hunger once more. Typically, a poor guardians take the nourishment for their youngsters to make them quiet crying from hunger. Proceed onward to the following point, the other motivation behind why individuals carry out violations due to the cash. All individuals need cash for endure their life. These days, individuals simply just observe who just had cash and they will disregard about the individuals that under advantaged. Something else, individuals need cash since they need to pay the obligation. Additionally they need in quick time and don’t realize where to get it. Along these lines, they will burglarize at the bank and the lavish house. Some of the time, it very well may be a genuine wrongdoing when they kill the proprietor of a house or the worker at the bank. They couldn't care less about the casualty as they get the cash. In addition, the medications someone who is addicted that slaughter their blood family for purchase tranquilize. To wrap things up, individuals perpetrate wrongdoings as a result of their indignation and contempt. It additionally can be called as their narrow minded explanation. This happen when the one individual accomplishing something wild to other individual. For instance, the present issues at school like tormenting. In this way, the harassing casualty will retribution to the individual that had tormenting him/her. This may make genuine wrongdoing like murdering somebody or beat their organ until incapacitated for the remainder of life. As an end, individuals perpetrate wrongdoing in light of their self. They have to control their feeling and recognize what they do is an incorrect way and not useful for their people to come. Also, it gives terrible impact and the violations can't be restricted once more. In this way, the legislature must assume their best job to give the discipline to the criminal like a capital punishment for the medications fiend and genuine violations. The motivation behind why individuals carry out wrongdoing due to their yearning, need cash, outrage and disdain can be unravel if every one of individuals give the best duty and not to childish. (505 words)

Device to Overcome Sense of Sight and Hear Free Essays

string(63) creation of profoundly respected optics, with a couple changes. Feeling OF SIGHT†¦. The eyes are tactile organs. They keep the cerebrum refreshed with data about is what's going on around the body. We will compose a custom paper test on Gadget to Overcome Sense of Sight and Hear or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Both contain a large number of minor sensors that send messages along nerves to the cerebrum. Sensors in the eyes react to light and, through the cerebrum, let us see the world. Sensors in the skin react to contact and permits us to feel. * The seeing eye†¦ Light enters the eye through the unmistakable cornea. It at that point goes through the understudy and is centered by the focal point around the retina. This slight layer covers the rear of the eye and contains cells that are delicate to light. At the point when light hits the phones, they impart signs to the cerebrum. There, the signs are transformed into pictures so we can see. Telescope†¦ Aâ telescopeâ is an instrument that guides in the perception of remote items by gathering electromagnetic radiationâ (such asâ visible light). The principal realized down to earth telescopes were imagined in the Netherlands at the start of the seventeenth century, utilizing glass focal points. They discovered use in earthly applications and space science. Inside a couple of decades, theâ reflecting telescopeâ was imagined, which utilized mirrors. In the twentieth century numerous new kinds of telescopes were created, includingâ radio telescopesâ in the 1930s andâ infrared telescopesâ in the 1960s. The wordâ telescopeâ now alludes to a wide scope of instruments identifying various areas of theâ electromagnetic range, and at times different kinds of locators. History†¦ The most punctual recorded working telescopes were theâ refracting telescopesâ that showed up in the Netherlandsâ in 1608. Their improvement is credited to three individuals: Hans Lippersheyâ and Zacharias Janssen, who were exhibition creators in Middelburg, and Jacob Metiusâ of Alkmaar. 4] Galileo heard about the Dutch telescope in June 1609, constructed his own inside a month,[5]â and incredibly enhanced the structure in the next year. The possibility that theâ objective, or light-social event component, could be a mirror rather than a focal point was being researched not long after the development of the refracting telescope. [6] T he potential focal points of usingâ parabolic mirrorsâ€reduction ofâ spherical aberrationâ and noâ chromatic aberrationâ€led to many proposed structures and a few endeavors to buildâ reflecting telescopes. 7] In 1668, Isaac Newtonâ built the principal reasonable reflecting telescope, of a structure which presently bears his name, the Newtonian reflector. The innovation of theâ achromatic lensâ in 1733 incompletely adjusted shading deviations present in the straightforward focal point and empowered the development of shorter, increasingly useful refracting telescopes. Reflecting telescopes, however not restricted by the shading issues seen in refractors, were hampered by the utilization of quick tarnishingâ speculum metalâ mirrors utilized during the eighteenth and mid nineteenth centuryâ€a issue lightened by the presentation of silver covered glass reflects in 1857,[8]â and aluminized reflects in 1932. 9] The most extreme physical size breaking point for refracting telescopes is around 1 meter (40â inches), directing that by far most of enormous optical exploring telescopes worked since the turn of the twentieth century have been reflectors. The biggest reflecting telescopes as of now have targets bigger than 10â m (33â feet). The twentieth century additionally observed the improvement of telescopes that worked in a wide scope of frequencies fromâ radioâ toâ gamma-beams. The primary reason incorporated radio telescope went with activity in 1937. From that point forward, a colossal assortment of complex galactic instruments have been created. The most effective method to use†¦ * Find a region where the things you wish to see aren’t impeded by trees to set up your telescope with the goal that you get an away from of the sky. * Look to check whether your telescope has a polar pivot. In the event that it does, it will follow whatever you are taking a gander at. In the event that you have a telescope with a polar hub, follow your manufacturer’s bearings on the most proficient method to adjust the polar pivot and the discoverer scope. * Select the eyepiece with the most reduced amplification that you have. Continuously start with the least amplification eyepiece until you become increasingly experienced in utilizing your telescope. Find the thing in the night sky that you wish to watch and spotlight in on it. Move the planet or star you are seeing as near the focal point of the field of view in the eyepiece as could reasonably be expected. * Remove the low amplification eyepiece and supplant it with an eyepi ece with a higher amplification. * Readjust the arrangement of the telescope when the planet or star floats out of view on the off chance that you have a manual telescope mount. * Continue as such, watching distinctive noticeable planets and stars. Optics †¦ Binoculars,â field glassesâ orâ binocular telescopesâ are a couple of indistinguishable or mirror-symmetricalâ telescopesâ mounted next to each other and adjusted to point precisely a similar way, permitting the watcher to utilize the two eyes (binocular vision) when seeing far off articles. Most are measured to be held utilizing two hands, in spite of the fact that sizes shift generally fromâ opera glassesâ to huge platform mounted military models. A wide range of shortenings are utilized for optics, includingâ glasses, nocs ,noculars , binosâ andâ bins. In contrast to a (monocular) telescope, optics give clients a three-dimensional picture: for closer items the two perspectives, introduced to ach of the viewer’s eyes from somewhat various perspectives, produce a consolidated view with anâ impression of profundity. History †¦ No sooner was the telescope designed in than the mid 1600s than did space experts get mounting two of them together, successfully cre ating the principal optics. Galileo (who is frequently erroneously credited with having concocted optics) adjusted a prior structure, utilizing optics that joined raised and inward focal points to make an amplifying impact simply like that pre-owned today in the least expensive nonprismatic glasses promoted for sports or theater seeing, or for use by kids. In the mid-1850s, Ignazio Porro of Italy protected a structure utilizing two crystals developed in a Z shape to give the watcher a picture that in addition to the fact that better is amplified, has profundity. The Porro crystal configuration was followed a couple of decades later by the rooftop crystal, in which the crystals are developed in one unit. Before long, optics were adjusted for military use, and were utilized during the Civil War. Quality made a major hop around the turn of the nineteenth century, and kept on being refined in the mid 1900s. With the coming of World War II, more producers entered the optics showcase, including, in the United States, Bausch ; Lomb. Germany proceeded with its creation of profoundly respected optics, with a couple of changes. You read Gadget to Overcome Sense of Sight and Hear in class Article models For instance, Zeiss, one of the top names in optics, encountered a confounding movement, with another plant built up in East Germany under Russian control with the Zeiss name while another industrial facility named Zeiss was started sending out from West Germany, as indicated by a history in the 1961 book Binoculars and Scopes and Their Uses in Photography, by Robert J. also, Elsa Reichert. Japan sends out optics by means of different producers, and some U. S. ompanies import Japanese-made optics however sell them under the U. S. organization name. The most effective method to use†¦ * Put the binocular lash around your neck. Wearing the neck-lash enables you to utilize two hands while you are utilizing the optics. * Adjust the barrels of the optics †each side you investigate †to the width of your face. By and large, you should simply draw the barrels nearer together or further separated as you hold the optics up to your eyes. In the event that you have balanced the optics effectively, you ought not see a dark â€Å"border† when you glance through the eyepieces. Find the focal center wheel, normally in the center of the two barrels of the optics. Turn the wheel gradually as you take a gander at a specific item out yonder to get the best concentration for your eyes. * Fine-tune your review significantly more in the event that you have a diopter center system around your optics. Not all optics have this center component, which makes up for the distinction in vision that you may involvement with every one of your eyes. The diopter center change wheel is as a rule around the right-hand barrel. * Keep the two eyes open as you see your objective articles. You may need to re-center every once in a while. * Clean your optics in the wake of utilizing them. A delicate, moist fabric is adequate for the body of the optics. Treated tissue paper used to clean cameras and eye glasses is alright for cleaning the focal points. Store optics in their conveying situation when you’re not utilizing them. Magnifying instrument †¦ Aâ microscopeâ (from the Ancient Greek:â , mikros, â€Å"small† andâ , skopein, â€Å"to look† or â€Å"see†) is anâ instrumentâ used to see protests that are unreasonably little for the unaided eye. The study of researching little items utilizing such an instrument is calledâ microscopy . Microscopicâ means imperceptible to the eye except if helped by a magnifying instrument. There are numerous kinds of magnifying lens, the most widely recognized and first to be designed is theoptical microscopeâ which usesâ lightâ to picture the example. Other significant sorts of magnifying instruments are theâ electron microscopeâ (both theâ transmission electron microscopeâ and theâ scanning electron magnifying lens) and the different kinds ofâ scanning test magnifying instrument History †¦ The principal magnifying lens to be created was the optical magnifying lens, in spite of the fact that the first innovator isn't anything but difficult to distinguish. An early magnifying lens was made in 1590 in Midd

The Teachers How-To Guide to Group Mind Mapping

The Teachers How-To Guide to Group Mind Mapping How to keep students engaged and productive within group activities is a never ending challenge for even the best teacher. Ok, it looks like we stated the obvious, but what is the solution? Group mind mapping. Mind what? Mind mapping. Mind mapping is an easy to learn technique  that builds effective structuring right along with students hand-on participation and collaboration. The bottom line? It is a proven and extremely successful method to develop a number of life’s essential skills while retaining more information, increasing productivity  and tapping into inner creativity. A whole new way of student teamwork setting them up for success. Take a look at this short video created by the Cork Institute of Technology  to learn more about the benefits of group mind mapping: Mind mapping in a group setting allows students to Break complex tasks down into smaller, more manageable parts Manage and plan time Solve more complex problems than they would on their own                                                 Develop creative ideas together Improve their problem solving abilities Work on their team and communication  skills @PStieple @mindmeister Students working in a group mapping project task and deadlines for Professions in Healthcare. #caccbest #cpsbest #AEO pic.twitter.com/7HAiIazWA8 â€" CACC-CPS (@CACC_CPS) October 27, 2016 Group Mind Mapping  in and Outside of the Classroom New-media literacy, cognitive load management and virtual collaboration are among the ten most important skills for the workforce of 2020.  Future Work Skills 2020 Try Mind Mapping in Your Classroom Brainstorming in Groups One of the most important uses of group mind mapping is brainstorming. The idea is to have the students minds free flowing with ideas and capture them as quickly as possible. It is also a great way to get the energy flowing and make the students feel equally involved. Online mind mapping tools such as  MindMeister support  real-time collaboration, which means that multiple students can work together on a mind map at the same time, each one contributing ideas from his or her own device. In MindMeister, each contribution made to the map is time stamped and marked with the student’s personal color code. In MindMeister’s History View the entire evolution of the map can then be reviewed. This allows the students to hold other group members accountable for completing their share of the assignment. No more slackers in your class! How to Brainstorm in a Mind Map Students must add the subject of their brainstorming session in the center of the mind map. As the ideas are beginning to flow, the students can then create branches stemming from the main idea in the middle. Each idea can again branch off into related sub-ideas and so on. As the ideas are being added to the mind map, they should be written in keywords that can later be expanded upon. The students should not be focusing so much on organization at this point but rather trying to record all ideas. And remember, all ideas are good ideas while brainstorming! After the brainstorming session, the students can then evaluate, vote on, and organize the ideas they’ve collected. Topics can easily be rearranged, grouped or removed. Students can make the mind map their own by adding colors, images and links related to their topics. Remember: Images are known to increase imagination! Collaboration via  Mobile Devices MindMeister offers free mobile apps for iPhone, iPad and Android devices which the students can use to access their maps while at home or during their commute to school. Managing Group Projects and Tasks MindMeister offers basic task management capabilities that students can use to plan school projects and assign tasks to each other. Each topic in the map can quickly be turned into a task with due date, priority and assignee. For bigger, more elaborate projects, students can use MeisterTask, MindMeister’s little brother, which also integrates with the mind mapping tool. In MeisterTask students can create visual project boards and arrange their to-dos in sections. How to get started Create a project board in MeisterTask and invite students to it via email.  They can sign in with their existing MindMeister credentials. Setup the board to fit with your project’s particular needs: You can create a simple To Do Doing Done workflow or create sections for different activities. If the project you’re working on is a school newspaper for instance, your sections might be Articles Design Images General To-Dos. Create tasks in the project  and assign them to the students responsible. You can also import tasks directly from a MindMeister mind map. Add due dates to the tasks and a description if necessary. Students can complete tasks as soon as they’re done. Creating Group Presentations Students can turn their mind maps into dynamic slideshows directly in MindMeister using the built-in presentation mode. Group presentations not only allow the students to put trust in one another to properly prepare but also to present the information they worked so hard to put together. How to create a mind map presentation Once they’ve successfully created their slideshow, students can connect one of their devices to a projector and project their presentation onto a screen in front of the class while they talk. Alternatively, they can also broadcast their map to the other  students  that have the map open on their device at the same time. Group Studying Students can also use group mind mapping to study for an exam or an upcoming test. Group studying is the perfect way for students to go over material that they may have missed during class. There is also a greater chance for the areas that they feel uncertain about to be the topic of discussion in the group. An interactive environment promotes creativity and a much deeper learning experience of the material. Teaching Ideas for Group Mind Mapping Fill-in Mind Mapping: Construct a mind map with material that will be on the exam. Replace the main concept labels with question marks and leave only the subtopic material. Have them fill in the topics that structurally makes sense. Provide students with a word bank of concepts and have them create a mind map with these and expand the map with more information. Students can be given extra credit for adding their own creative labels and ideas. This is a guest post by Courtney Miller.  Courtney is Head of Marketing at a dental practice in Boston, Massachusetts. In her spare time she plays competitive squash, travels and loves to sky-dive! You can connect with her on Facebook. Try Group Mind Mapping with Your Students

John Proctor as a Man of Character A Study of Scholarly and Critical Sources - Literature Essay Samples

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible was written in 1953 in conjunction with the anti-communist hysteria that had swept not only American society, but also the American justice system during the second Red Scare. Not contemporaneous to the time it was written, Miller’s play was intended to bring to light the parallels between McCarthyism in America and the gruesome higher stakes of the Salem Witch Trials; thereby challenging the rationality of congressional actions and the people’s response, but also, on a certain level, sympathizing with them. The Crucible demonstrates, above all, that doing the right thing is hard, and often requires a degree of bravery or personal sacrifice, which is exemplified in protagonist John Proctor. Proctor’s purpose in the context of the play, then, is to be in a state of development in terms of his conscience, character, and virtue, and to be able to ultimately triumph (despite the corporeal setbacks which ensue) over his personal str uggles in the name of protecting justice. When considered in conversation with the thinkings of Richard Gula, Stanley Hauerwas, Aristotle and James Keenan, it becomes evident by The Crucible’s final scene that John Proctor has become a man of conscience, character, and virtue. Richard Gula’s chapter on â€Å"Conscience† from his book Reason Informed By Faith defines the mature, moral conscience as â€Å" the ability to make up one’s mind for oneself about what ought to be done† (124). This functions in contrast with the superego, which Gula describes as a â€Å"weapon of guilt†; a person acting out of superego is making their decisions based solely upon societal and authoritative influences for fear that they will be made to feel bad otherwise (125). The actions of the young women of Salem, led by the jealous Abigail Williams, best exemplify this kind of decision-making. Before the play begins, the girls are described as having gone to the forest to dance naked and toy with black magic; actions obviously born not out of conscience or superego, but purely for rebellion’s sake. When the authorities in the town find out about their heathenly actions, the girls feel that they must create lies in order to reallocate the blame. This makes sense for young girls (ages range amongst them, but Abby is portrayed as the oldest at seventeen) because they are morally immature. Gula describes: â€Å"As we develop through childhood, the need to be loved and approved is the basic need and drive. We fear punishment as children not for its physical pain only, but more because it represents a withdrawal of love† (125). John Proctor is seemingly one of the few people in Salem who understand the true motivations behind the girls’ actions he never worships them like Parris, Hale, and the Judges do as he consistently, clearly does act out of conscience (from the three conscience, character, and virtue Proctor seems to struggle with this the least). He, for example, attends church considerably little for a Puritan (he has gone twenty six times in seventeen months) because he doesn’t believe the way Reverend Parris runs the church is satisfactory according to his Christian values. He tells Rev erend Hale in Act I, scene ii, â€Å"Since we built the church there were pewter candlesticks upon the altar†¦ but Parris came, and for twenty week he preach nothing but golden candlesticks until he had them†¦ when I look to heaven and see my money glaring at his elbows it hurt my prayer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . There is also something to be said for Proctor’s refusal in the second act tell Judge Danforth the names of anyone who may have consorted with the Devil, although this is not an immediate success for him. Gula writes, â€Å"So many confessions†¦ are more clearly expressions of an overactive superego producing unhealthy guilt than they are the witness of an adult moral conscience renewing itself so that the moral person can serve God more lovingly and faithfully† (124). This holds true to John’s confession in the final scene that he did see the Devil. However, his refusal to name names and subsequent decision to die a good man are expressions of co nscience. John Proctor’s struggle with conscience mostly pertains to the final scene of the play, and arise from the Roman Catholic tradition’s first two dimensions of conscience synderesis (ability to identify â€Å"the good†) and moral science (discovering the good to be done and the evil to be avoided) (Gula 131). He simply cannot identify the good that he ought to do in this situation should he save his own life so that he can continue to provide for his wife and three sons? Or should he sacrifice himself so he can continue to have a name weighted with honor? Ultimately, he does win through and make the correct moral decision, though only by the penultimate page of the play. Stanley Hauerwas’ chapter, â€Å"Towards an Ethics of Character† from Volume 33, Issue 4 of Theological Studies, explains the concept of character as â€Å"the very reality of who we are as self-determining agents,† who consistently make distinctive and deliberate choices in order to live our lives a certain way, or according to certain values (154, 155). This is also one of John Proctor’s stronger points, because it is clearly demonstrated throughout the play that he has a reputation in Salem for being a man of honesty and integrity. References are made to his good name in the two scenes where it comes under immediate threat: in Act II, scene ii, when Proctor is telling Judge Danforth of his affair with Abigail Williams, he says of himself, â€Å"A man will not cast away his good name.† In Act II, scene iii, whilst Proctor refuses to incriminate others for interacting with the Devil, Parris says, of Proctor, â€Å" it is a weighty name, it will st rike the village that he confesses.† It is clear that his honesty is deliberate, as he establishes his belief that, â€Å"God damns all liars,† when trying to warn Mary Warren against being swayed to the immorality of Abigail’s power-hungry crusade (Act II, scene ii). All that being said, his actions do consistently reflect that he is an honorable man, as he often tells the truth when it seems particularly difficult to tell. For example, he admits blatantly to Reverend Parris that he does not respect his authority in the church. When Parris demands that there is a faction in the church conspiring against him, Proctor says: â€Å"Why, then I must find it and join it.† (Act I, scene i). In a society where the church is central to their daily life (there is no separation of church and state in Puritan culture), this is a particularly daring move, but all the same Proctor is not interested in giving Parris false praise. There are also a couple examples of Proc tor’s unwavering honesty in the context of his affair with Abigail. Before the play begins, he has already told his wife, Elizabeth, about the affair, as evidenced by their conversation over supper in which he berates his wife’s apparent judgement of him, when he has only been good to her and confessed his sins otherwise (Act II, scene i). He must then again confess his infidelity to Judge Danforth, and thereby the general public, when he is attempting to discredit Abigail in court as a thoughtless young girl, motivated by her jealousy of his wife and nothing more. Of course, the most significant indicator of John Proctor’s unchanging honesty comes in the final scene of the play, when he makes the decision to rescind his insincere confession. He is aware that confessing that he truly has not seen the Devil will cost him his life, but he is also aware that if he maintains the lie, it will cost him his honor, something which he would not wish to live without. James Keenan outlines the established cardinal virtues as well as offers a couple of his own in his â€Å"Cultivating the Cardinal Virtues.† In this text as well as in Aristotle’s â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics†, the term â€Å"virtue† is treated as being synonymous with â€Å"excellence† (Aristotle 33). The four most excellent attributes of the human person are then, according to Keenan’s summary of Aquinas: justice, temperance, fortitude, and prudence, where â€Å"prudence orders our practical reason; justice orders the will†¦; temperance and fortitude order the passions,† (149). Keenan’s personal contributions to the list of principal virtues are â€Å"fidelity† and â€Å"self-care†, in which we are called to act with these values as specific and unique relational beings (we are called to an original cardinal virtue justice as general relational beings) (150). I understand John Proctor as having specific relati onships to the virtues of temperance, fortitude, fidelity, and self-care, whether those relationships are positive or negative (or developing). Firstly, it becomes extremely apparent that Proctor struggles with his temper. Through the duration of the play, he gets into fits with his wife, Abigail, Parris, Mary Warren, and the Judges. It is, of course, valid for Proctor to feel passionately about the lives of his neighbors and friends being put at stake for no discernable reason, however he also utterly fails at being proactive. As Keenan describes in his text, â€Å"Thomas [Aquinas] argued that each person ought to establish a proactive agenda. If we become what we do, then we should intend ways of acting that can shape us better into being the type of people we think we should become.† (147). While John knows in the very beginning of the play that the girls are only grasping for attention and power and have not actually seen the Devil (When he mentions that there are rumors in the town about witchcraft in Act I, scene i, Abby responds, â€Å"Oh, posh! We were dancin’ in the woods last night, and my uncle leaped in on us. She [Betty] took fright, is all.†), he is consistently ignorant of the trials and arrests of his friends, too busy with his own marital matters; when his matters become entangled with those of the town, it’s then that he attempts to fight, but it is too late. Contrastingly, if we are broadly defining temperance as one’s control of their irrational passions, Proctor does exercise temperance in light of his affair with Abby he cuts her off, as he knows the rational thing to do is be patient and abide by his marital promises to his wife. This example obviously highlights John’s troubles with the virtue of fidelity as well; he has claimed that, outside of physical infidelity, he has remained emotionally faithful, but he comes to realize that he made an emotional â€Å"promise† to Abigail in their sexual relationship (Act II, scene ii). On the complete opposite hand, there is something to be said for John’s capacity for self-care in this context. At the point that he does engage in sexual acts with Abigail, his wife has been cold to him for many months on end. By fulfilling his physical needs, however contradictory to the virtue of fidelity or even his long-term emotional self-care, he is caring for himself in the short-term. The way he exercises self-care at the end of the novel is also contradictory; by turning himself over to die, he is abandoning all care of his physical self, but he knows that if he carries on living under the circumstances assigned to him, he will live only in a perpetual state of disgrace and self-contempt. Thereby, killing himself is the only way he can care for himself. Self-love is defined by Bernard of Clairvaux as, â€Å"the first step in a long process of returning to the love†¦ of God.† (qtd. in Keenan, 140). If not a touch literal, the action Proctor takes in this moment accomplishes exactly that. Finally, much like Proctor and conscience, Proctor ultimately shows that he is fortitudinous in the play’s final scene, when he must resist his urges of self-preservation. Aristotle outlines in Nicomachean Ethics the characteristics of virtuous activity. He says, â€Å"First of all, [the agent] must know what he is doing; secondly, he must choose t o act the way he does, and he must choose it for its own sake; and in the third place, the act must spring from a firm and unchangeable character.† (39). John Proctor fulfills each of these requirements in his final scene; first, Proctor very clearly grasps what he is doing we as the audience know this because the process of him coming to his decision is written in monologue. Secondly, he is obviously choosing the act for its own sake because acting is not at all in his self-interest as a man with a desire to live, and, third, the moments of the final scene are what concretize John Proctor as an honest, honorable man; where his character is set in stone. Elizabeth Proctor closes The Crucible with the line: â€Å"He has his goodness now†, in reference to her husband, who has made the ultimate sacrifice and has thereby absolved himself of his earlier sins in her eyes (Act II, scene iii). This line is staggeringly accurate when considered within the context of conscience, character, and virtue. While Proctor certainly struggles with all three throughout the play, it is in his final moment of sacrifice that he more clearly becomes a man who possesses all of these qualities in abundance.